Ap Essay - 1613 Words

Matthew Nutt Mr. Bema APENGLISH/11 November 20, 2012 Final Draft In the pamphlets â€Å"The Crisis† and â€Å"The Word and the Silence† Thomas Paine and Subcomandante Marcos formulated arguments based on the struggle between oppressive regimes and the commoners suffering it. Their purpose was to influence a justification to revolt in the common people as well as to establish how they needed to fight the oppression. The rhetorical devices used by Thomas Paine and Marcos can be compared in the sense that they both display anaphora, loaded language, and a credibility ethos to create an emotional, and inspiring tone to help their audience embrace revolt in a positive way. After coming to these conclusions, I was able to extrapolate a new insight on†¦show more content†¦They both establish an emotional tone of anger by stressing that the fight stretched to all people and that their suffering would continue unless they prolonged fighting. This tone helped the commoners embrace revolt by explaining to the commoners that their suff ering is caused by the oppressive government which in turn invokes anger into people which then gained a reaction from the people who now desired more battle. In addition, this device helped them in contributing to the cause by establishing their place in the battle to be no different from the common man. This is proven where Paine stated â€Å"the far and the near†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing that he too was a part of the American Revolution even though he was ‘far’. Marcos did the same when he stated â€Å"look with disdain and repugnance at our past† which proved his understanding of what the Mexican government had done to the people. The second rhetorical strategy implemented by these two authors was loaded language, a strategy that incorporates emotion into diction. Throughout their essays they used emotion in their diction with their purpose of influence in mind. Marcos used this strategy when he stated â€Å"today we say we are indigenous, and we say it like gi ants. Today, 503 years after death from a foreign land arrived to bring us silence, we resist and speak. Today, 503 years later, we live†¦Show MoreRelated AP Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesAP In the story â€Å"AP† by John Updike, the main character Sammy is portrayed as a typical young male. When the three young females enter the store, he is quickly distracted from his duties. As he watches the young girls move throughout the store, he describes each of their bodies in detail giving away his overwhelming sexual awareness. Sammy is so distracted by these â€Å"bathing beauties† that he rings up some old bat’s item twice and makes her angry. It is made quite evident that Sammy is finelyRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. 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I received a complaint from a client who did not understand their ACATRead Moreap macro Essay6621 Words   |  27 Pagesï » ¿https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mB_7Hr3jfMiTmld3gn8SXrgl7PM5iHRonYr8mFQ956I/edit AP Macro Module 1 AP Macroeconomics 1.03 1. a) If I go to the beach, the opportunity cost is that I will not be prepared for the exam; likewise, if I study for the exam, the opportunity cost is that I will not be having fun at the beach. b) If I get a job after high school, the opportunity cost is that I will miss out on a college education; likewise, if I go to college, the opportunityRead MoreAp Essay Examples700 Words   |  3 Pages1. Adobe Lightroom Mobile This photo editor application is free, but it’s required only creative cloud subscription And allows on all android mobiles. You can edit advanced and different sizes images from this application. Download it from Google play store. But this app’s trial validity only 30 days for creative cloud’s subscribers. 2. Autodesk Pixlr Autodesk pixlr is a free and most popular application on play store, This is the awesome photo editor app with the amazing and very popular features

Makeup And Cosmetics Be Dangerous For Our Environment

Makeup is BAD Oxybenzone, formaldehyde, triclosan, hydroquinone, parabens and lead. Believe it or not, these chemicals, that most people can’t even pronounce, are in the majority of cosmetics sold today. People all around the world wear cosmetics every day to enhance their natural beauty. From various skincare products to makeup products, there are reasons they use it everyday. Do they know what it really does for them? Skin rashes, faster aging, and cancer are all possible outcomes from these cosmetics, despite what the product claims to say. Makeup and cosmetics are harmful to not only one’s health, but also to our environment. This is because of the chemicals within the products are more harmful than you think. Not only are they bad†¦show more content†¦Since breast tissue is very sensitive to this mistaken estrogen, it tricks the cells and causes breast cell division because more than half of all breast cancer tumors rely on estrogen to function. Now, what are all these strange chemicals that are found in the products? The obvious one being parabens, which are a group of synthetic chemicals. They are used in many cosmetics like any kind of soap or skin care product to act as a chemical preservative to keep bacteria from growing in the product. Parabens aren’t the only chemicals harsh for your body. Another group of chemicals that are widely used in cosmetics is phthalates. They are found in any cosmetic that contains a fragrance. Exposure to this chemical is linked to male reproductive disorders like altered hormone levels ( ). A shocking discovery was when we all found out that the biggest feared chemical that was found in schools, lead, was also found in lipstick. The problem with this is that lead also damaged DNA, cell membranes and affects the brain causing memory and concentration problems ( ). In 1984, it was estimated that parabens alone was in more than 13,000 different cosmetic products ( ). It is unsettling to know that there is an extreme increase in the variety of cosmetics in the world today and 80% of them are potentially harmful to our bodies. Many women from all over the world struggle from low selfShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Products Used From Ancient Egypt And Greece1220 Words   |  5 Pages 2. What: Cosmetics are products used by people to change the look of or cleanse the face/body. Since cosmetics are simply applied onto the body, they do not affect the functions of the body or its structure. There are cosmetics that are put under the makeup category which are used on the face such as lipstick, eye shadow, mascara, eyeliner, blush, etc. Then there are cosmetic products used on hair such as shampoo and hair dyes. Finally, there are cosmetics used on the body to create a pleasantRead MoreEssay on Harmful Chemicals in Cosmetics1267 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough cosmetics became widely popular in the 1900s, tombs from 3100 B.C. have revealed that makeup originated in the first Egyptian Dynasty (The History of Makeup, 1). Researchers found that these cosmetics contained ingredients that ranged from lead to cat dung; both of which are toxic. The use of toxic chemicals in cosmetics, such as coal tar, negatively impacts a persons health. Cosmetic companies put consumers health at risk due to the use of toxic chemicals, marketing ploys and failureRead MoreEssay on Cosmetics Testing on Animals, Is It Necessary?547 Words   |  3 Pagesfor humans to have cosmetics? It is understandable if you want to cover up a scar on your face, but to just wear makeup because you think you need it, or because you feel like you cannot live without it, is ridiculous. Animals should not be dyeing for our insecurities on how we look, or on how society judges us. If society sees someone who is not Barbie or Ken perfect they judge us, so we put makeup on, it is not right for society to do that. Because of their judging cosmetics is being tested onRead MoreAnimal Testing : Cosmetic Manufacturers1375 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years this has become a problem that millions of people have been raising awareness for and trying to find a solution to end this cruel act. But is this enough? One of the most notorious users of animal testing is cosmetic manufacturers. T hroughout the year s many cosmetic companies have been trying to transition into using cruelty-free products. For example, Marla Donato from the Chicago Tribune states, two of the largest manufacturers Avon Products and Revlon recently announced a permanentRead MoreBody Care Products and their Impacts Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pages Body care products. We use them every day. On our hair, on our body, on our face. And, sometimes but not often, we think about the environmental, ethical and social impacts it has. Nowadays, it’s a standardised idea that it is extremely important to take in these factors when choosing and purchasing products; however, is it really as important as it is portrayed to be? To come to a conclusion as to whether or not it is important to think about the environmental, social and ethical impacts when buyingRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 Pagesprocedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases, assessing the effectiveness of new medicinal products, and testing the human health and/or environmental safety of consumer and industry products such as cosmetics, household cleaners, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and industrial/agro-chemicals. All procedures, even those classified as â€Å"mild,† have the potential to cause the animal’s physical as well as psychological distress and suffering. Often the proceduresRead MoreEnvironmental Assessment Of The Human Race1449 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Stewardship The human race has come a long way since its beginning many years ago. Over time, we have learned how to use our surroundings and the environment to our advantage in order to improve our way of living. As more and more years go by, we use more and more of our resources, some which are non-renewable. As we continue to do this year after year, decade after decade and century after century, we come across the dilemma of a shortage in resources. In order to preserve these resourcesRead MoreBeauty pageants should be banned1622 Words   |  7 Pages A. Child beauty pageants should be banned. It causes children, especially little girls, to use artificial means to boost their self-esteem. People were born as-is, not with makeup, spray tans, big hair, and false teeth. Not only does it cause low self-esteem in young girls, but it also sexualizes them. 1. It seems that our society has overlooked the fact that there are sexual predators (pedophiles) who are not incarcerated. Placing children in a child beauty pageant is only making the childrenRead MoreThe Importance Of Animal Testing1779 Words   |  8 Pagesis right, it hurts the animal and the experiments are not accurate, we should try to make this process more safe and calm for the animals as possible, alternatives should be discovered Although some people feel animals should be used for testing cosmetics and healthcare products because they open door to many new medical researches. Animals should not be used for testing because often the animals suffer immense pain and other negative side effects in vain. Most products tested on animals fail inRead MoreEssay on Stop Shark-Finning1029 Words   |  5 PagesMore and more people have been introduced to a very dangerous practice called shark-finning. Even the people who are aware of the harmful effects they bring still continue on doing it. People are afraid of sharks due to their fierce appearance and the bad publicity they get such as the movies wherein sharks attack humans. Only about 5 people are killed by sharks every year. In fact, vending machines has a higher death rate of 13, while ants can kill about 30 people annually. Sharks are very beneficial

Benefits and drawbacks of online social networking Free Essays

A certain part of society advocates that social media channels are potential powerful tools when building new and up-to-date individual and collective relationships in many fields of actions, whilst others hold the view that the ostentatious aspects of virtual networking are endangering the agreed values for the welfare of people and communities along decades. The former and the latter points of view will be enlarged below. On the one hand, arguments against social networking related to Individuals endorse the Idea of measuring how decisive -for personal and professional future-, are those Indelible marks In people’s past that have supposedly been left behind; time frames are recorded including achievements and failures, as well as personal history. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and drawbacks of online social networking or any similar topic only for you Order Now This as meant for many, that when trying to start a new life, a new career or just simply a different path in life, past follows their efforts Jeopardizing it. What is more, in many occasions, these unpleasant situations must be faced and justified by them; very valuable professionals end up not having the same opportunities than those who have not been that exposed to the media. This can be illustrated by the cases when employers have been looking for the most suitable candidates for a position. They would dig Into their curriculum vitae and would look for any trace that, by searching n social networks then, could lead to any apparently hidden personal information saying more than printed r ©sum ©s. In addition, potential companies can realize how much time people spend posting, commenting or sharing In social media as well as the type and the quality of Information spread by these users. All in all, In a professional environment, people do not want the personal information be exposed to every friend of theirs or even to public. Thus, something as simple as an Internet session is brought as a menace into themselves when privacy is compromised. Another two reasoning supporting the downside of online social networking highlight the fact that our society is increasingly becoming more individualistic and networking can exacerbate social differences between societies in or out the Internet or globalization world. Online networking is a time-consuming activity taking time away from other activities and taking over from real time Interaction. Loneliness Is a modern Illness that society has claimed to have as a consequence of non-satisfying relationships. Research has shown that friendships has helped people to develop heir resilience and ability to bounce back after adversity, as well as an ability to gain dramatic consequences on health because it disrupts sleep, raises blood pressure, increases depression and lowers immunity and overall subjective wellbeing, feeling isolated from others can cause mental health problems occurring more frequently in unequal societies where vulnerable people are often left behind. And when globalization exalts societies with high standards of connectivity in detriment of those who depend on factors such as governmental policies, local economic system ND population, is not it unfair when trying to build new basics for the new era’s humankind? By treating social networks as incidental, individuals and society as a whole, are neglecting the profound double-edged sword of exposing lives, radical preferences, political inclinations among others, privileging amount of information rather than quality shared. On the other hand and from an individual point of view, social networking can be employed as a very useful tool for those who need to unveil difficult personal issues such as â€Å"getting out of the closet† or revealing illnesses in front of others; in this way, not only can they be examined and evaluated by their acquaintances but they can also gain support from their family, friends and community. At the same time, by sharing concerns, interests, and knowledge or study subjects, individuals can enrich the perspective of their own interests while others interact with them. For example, someone who has been feeling isolated because of a very rare illness can post his/ her feelings, inquire about symptoms, look for financial support when this person is trundling with the situation and what is more, can also find a cure when someone else in somewhere else take notice of this suffering. People can also obtain advice of goods and services or Just simply gain awareness of some situations that may potentially affect them in a positive or negative way. Experts have demonstrated how important social networking has become when a natural disaster such a seaquake occurs; a piece of news reaches an isolated location before the main wave strikes the land saving many lives. It is seemed that individual existences are put into a more employ society when sharing their woes and concerns, transforming a particular issue into common interest. Is it history, memories and traditions constitutive part of the common interest then? As it has been mentioned many times, another argument in favor of social media is mutual awareness. This is to say and from a collective point of view, by understanding society with its failures and achievements, different societies have been able to considerate diverse ways of reaching expected goals when learning from the past. By way of example, social media has proved to be an inexhaustible resource of knowledge while exposing key information, requirements, unknown facts or simply people searching for people. Someone inquiries into a partially well-known fact and within few minutes somebody else is replying with clues, advice or Just hints which open new doors to new questions or potential answers. This can also be endless, but what if society wants to honor a dead person or keeps memories by spreading these facts around? The infinite transfer of information through media is invaluable when hidden events and key people come then to light. In the end, associations constitutes a positive input in the approach of building knowledge and consciousness of where, why and how the world has evolved. By way of conclusion and from a user of the Web-based group standpoint, today’s society cannot deny the new era that the world is living in. The main bone of contention is about how society should learn, teach and wisely trespass the appropriate ways of using the media. Online communities and Blobs are becoming very popular and moreover, since the advancement of embedded systems, people an use them â€Å"on the go’ with the help of cutting-edge handheld devices. Because of the ease of sharing information -with the help of embedded photo and video-, the whole world has become interactive in nature for better or worse. Similarly, people as individuals and as part of communities, are exploring the unthinkable potential that making connections through online sessions and are finally comprehending that the opportunities provided from this medium are immense; social networking website is a revolutionary idea with a very bright future with further scope for advancements in the 21st century. How to cite Benefits and drawbacks of online social networking, Papers

Compare and Contrast a Life Raft, an Island, and Earth Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast a Life Raft, an Island, and Earth Essay Survival is a cardinal portion of life in which worlds have been go toing to throughout our full being. As clip progresses. engineering and cognition non merely increases but besides improves. Finally. we develop to the point where our educational system has an of import and important inquiry where the pupils are asked to compare and contrast a life raft with exigency supplies in it. a reasonably sized island. and Earth itself. The three topics have a figure of similarities and differences ; nevertheless. some are evidently more of import than others. There are rather a few similarities between a life raft. an island. and Earth. all of which are merely every bit obvious as the differences. Each of the three can transport things in them. The Earth and an island hold many different things on their land. including us worlds. A life raft can. and is meant to. keep things such as exigency supplies or people in it. More evidently. each of the three is in a solid province of affair. Besides. each of them has its ain gravitative pull or influence. Earth has its ain gravitative pull ; so of course. things that are located on Earth are influenced and affected by gravitation. Last. each of them ( can ) back up life. Earth. itself. is back uping life for a immense figure of beings and existences at this really minute. An island supports non merely a figure of workss. but besides some animate beings and other beings as good. A life raft. or life boat. is meant to assist people safely distance themselves from a larger ship or boat catastrophe. Because a life raft has exigency supplies. it will back up human life until they run out. With similarities. there are besides differences within the life raft. island. and Earth. While Earth and the island is an ecosystem back uping a huge and diverse figure of species and beings. a life raft is simply merely a exanimate boat. The island and Earth are besides portion of each other. while the life raft is more of an object that is used by worlds. The island is literally a portion of Earth. they are one thing. However. the life raft is non a portion of Earth ; it’s more like a Third Party Program that is used along with the chief waiter or plan. This besides leads to the fact that the life raft is semisynthetic. instead than being organic like Earth or an island. Obviously. we worlds did non make Earth. And in normal fortunes. worlds besides do non make islands. Comparing and contrasting a life raft with exigency supplies. a reasonably sized island. and Earth is genuinely a random and uneven thing to make. However. making so would turn out that everything has at least a similarity and difference. Where there is a similarity. there is besides a difference. It could be an obvious and blatantly clear similarity or difference. or it could besides be a well and critically thought comparing. In decision. the semisynthetic life raft seems to be the centre of difference and the background character of similarities.

Looking At Different Aspects Of Foster Care Social Work Essay Essay Example

Looking At Different Aspects Of Foster Care Social Work Essay Essay A affinity attention agreement is an understanding that is normally made between the parent of the kid, the local authorization and a close comparative such as a grandparent or aunt on a short or long term footing, the affinity carer must be approved by Warwickshire Fostering Panel. Where the kid is accommodated by the local authorization that is frequently capable to an Interim Care Order the affinity understanding is reviewed under the Child in Need process s ( Warwickshire County Council 2009 ) . There is a six hebdomad timescale to finish the affinity appraisal. The fosterage squad has the duty for finishing this within the timescale set out in line with the Fostering Regulation s 2002. A Viability Assessment which is Schedule 3 of the fosterage ordinance 2002 requires that there is a elaborate study complete with mentions be submitted to the Fostering Panel for blessing ( Warwickshire Fostering Services 2002 ) . As portion of this appraisal I had to finish a two portion Health A ; Safety Checklist Part One during initial visit and Part Two during the existent appraisal, which is updated yearly as portion of the Foster Carer reappraisal. I was required to finish the initial 6 hebdomad Kinship Assessment on Arthur and Joan to be submitted to Warwickshire Fostering Panel blessing, followed by entry to a Finding of Fact meeting in tribunal. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Different Aspects Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Different Aspects Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Different Aspects Of Foster Care Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jane is a 6 twelvemonth old double heritage female who lived near to Nuneaton Centre with female parent, Ruth 28 white female unemployed retrieving heroin nut and her current spouse Jason 35 twelvemonth old unemployed white male with piquing history for force. The local authorization have been involved with Ruth and her kid since 2008 the constabulary reaching societal services to rede them that Ruth s spouse had been arrested for holding indecorous images of kids on his computing machine and serious maltreatment of babes. Ruth was advised of this but did non look to recognize the hazard he presented to Jane. The tribunals ordered that Ruth should merely hold supervised contact due to this. Warwickshire Council convened a kid protection conference which concluded that Jane be made topic of a kid protection program. Whilst the probe into the disregard was on-going, Jane stayed with her maternal gramps Arthur and Joan his spouse. Arthur is 58 twelvemonth old football manager and Joan is a 62 twelvemonth old retired book keeper and they live in a 3 sleeping room house close to Ruth. A kinship referral was received by the Fostering Team to finish a viability buttocks Arthur and Joan s ability to run into Jane s demands as impermanent carers. Jane is still capable of a kid protection program, every bit good as Looked After Child processs and is capable of an Interim Care Order made in December 2009. The duty for finishing the affinity appraisal was given to the fosterage squad that I am on arrangement with and I was so asked to finish the appraisal under supervising. This is the type of appraisal that is completed when a kid is looked after and placed on a statutory order. Jane is presently sing jobs at school with intimidation because of her skin coloring material and is in a minority. Jane is being teased because her hair is non the same as other kids. I feel that Jane has non recognized that her female parent is white and her male parent black. Arthur has stated that although she is non white she is his granddaughter and he doubts whether Jane even recognises her skin coloring material as important. It is of import for the Fostering Social Worker to hold entree to all instance files associating to the kid when finishing the viability appraisal so that the appraisal demonstrates the degree of committedness the gramps and his spouse have and have had to the kid ( BAAF, 2009 ) . Farmer and Moyers ( 2005 ) suggest: Kinship attention occupies an uneasy place on the boundary between the public and private domains of lovingness and this leads to a state of affairs where some kin carers struggle to care for destitute kids with low degrees of support and fiscal aid. Jane s maternal gramps has shown unbelievable committedness including being willing to give up his fulltime occupation to be able to run into Jane s demands. This is doing tenseness in the relationship between Arthur and Joan as this will significantly cut down their income. She has besides expressed concerns at non ever being able to get by with the high demands of Jane and how this has brought her relationship with Arthur to interrupting point at times. When kid s behavior is doing a break, affinity carers ( as opposed to further carers ) tend to be more willing to persist with the troubles faced by the kid ( Broad and Skinner, 2005, Colton et Al, 2008: 38 ) . It is of import that when analyzing Kinship Care that the result for the kid is mensurable, this could be in footings of regular contact with the birth parent with less supervising. Legislation has a leaning towards procuring long term arrangements, kids who were placed with their grandparents were the least likely to see break when compared with other household or friends ( Hunt et al, 2008 ) . Some arrangements continued with small monitoring or supervising from the societal worker. In other cases societal workers had allowed professional criterions to fall good below what would hold been acceptable to another kid. This can do the kid rights to be compromised as they will non have a service that they are entitled to ( Farmer A ; Moyers, 2005 ) . An assessment involves piecing full and accurate facts about a service user s fortunes and it is indispensable during the assessment procedure that individual being assessed is to the full engaged with the appraisal and as the assessor I am in uninterrupted audience with my supervisor. The information collected must be recorded in a systematic manner to give a clear and accurate apprehension of demands and a possible program of action ( Smale A ; Tuson, 1993 ) . The viability appraisal must pay close attending to the fortunes around the ground why the affinity agreement is needed. Arthur and Joan realise that if they do non take on the function of carers so Jane is likely to be placed with unrelated Foster carers. The appraisal includes the household to look at making a affinity agreement that will at best be acceptable to the kid, the local authorization should see the kid s drawn-out household as an option to the mainstream fosterage system when finishing the appraisal. The Children s Act 1989 directs that where the kid is looked after by the local authorization the kid should be placed with a comparative, friend or important other ( www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk accessed 16/01/2011 ) if this is a feasible option. The Adoption and Children Act 2002 directs that relations must be considered in attention proceedings and in line with Public Law Outline which emphasizes the importance of robust judicial instance direction. The Children and Young Persons Act 2008 has led to developments that promote the kid s public assistance and are likely to increase the usage of arrangements with household members. Over a 15 twelvemonth period from 1989 to 2005 there has been a gradual addition in the Numberss of kids in attention that are fostered with household and important others, from 6 per cent to 12 per cent of looked after kids in England ( Department of Health, 2006 ; DfES, 2004 ) . If a kid is looked after by the Local Authority and is placed with a hous ehold member or important other for a period transcending 6 hebdomads so the carer should be approved as a surrogate carer by the Local Authorities Fostering Panel ( Warwickshire Council 2009 ) . The Local Authority must hold a clearly defined function in enabling the parent of the kid to hold some input in the attention agreements of their kid in conformity with subdivision 20 of the Children s Act 1989. Where the local authorization topographic points kids in affinity attention agreements they besides must measure the affinity carer ( s ) in line with bing statute law that applies to unrelated Foster carers hence have duties to guarantee that the affinity carers receive fiscal support in line with get oning out ordinances ( Warren-Adamson, 2009 ) . The Munby opinion in 2002 set a case in point that local governments must handle affinity carers in the same manner as non related surrogate carers. This means that Warwickshire County Council must measure Arthur and Joan as affinity carers even though they may well already be looking after the kid at the point the appraisal starts. The troubles I experienced as the Fostering Social Worker finishing the appraisal was chiefly around the support, preparation and payment of Kinship Carers. The research besides found that Kinship Carers are improbable to dispute parents lawfully for the affinity of the kid because it can hold a negative impact on the parent s relationship with the Kinship Carers. One of the deductions highlighted by the research papers was that Kinship Carers are improbable to travel for Particular Guardianship Orders due to the decreased payments and support. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation ( JRF ) research found that kinship carers may resent the invasion the appraisal procedure will imply into their lives by statutory services and feel they are being monitored and placed under surveillance ( JRF, 2002 ) . The Joseph Rowntree Foundation ( JRF ) found that unsatisfactory arrangements with household and friend lasted significantly longer than with unrelated carers ( Farmer A ; Moyers, 2008 ) . Local Governments are required under the Children s Act 1989 to run a policy of less intrusive intercession when step ining with households. Argent ( 2009 ) draws attending to the premise that societal workers from non cultural backgrounds tend to presume that households from Black Minority and Ethnic groups would instead pull off the affinity without outside aid or they do non understand the procedure. Argent high spots that some minority groups have a strong sense of affinity without any legal or statutory intercession. There are four types of affinity attention these are determined by the legal position of the kid that is being accommodated Fostered with a household or friend ; Residence Order ; Populating with household and friends and a Particular care order. The viability appraisal I undertook was to measure whether Arthur and Joan were suited to travel on to the following phase of the appraisal, the Particular Guardianship Order. Particular Guardianship Orders were introduced in the Adoption and Children Act 2002 to promote flexibleness with respects to the length of the arrangement. This order recognizes that long term fosterage or acceptance might non be an option and that this type of order gives parental duty until the kid is 18. At present there is non a legal demand for Warwickshire Council to research Kinship but the legal model implies that it is a preferable option to private fosterage. A household group conference is called with a position to researching the potency of a household mem ber going a affinity carer ( Hunt et al, 2008 ) . The purpose of the Viability Assessment is to do certain that Jane s demands remain cardinal to the appraisal ( Hunt et al, 2008 ) . Milner and OByrne ( 2002 ) suggest that appraisals can be divided into a figure of phases: Preparation: I gathered information from instance notes and other studies that have antecedently been written, in audience with the Jane s societal worker we agreed on who to interview with respects to people that are a portion of the drawn-out household or wider support web and would be in contact with Jane. Fixing for the interview I ensured that I had the indispensable inquiries and an account of the interview intent along with timescales for the viability procedure. Roll uping informations: I checked on beginnings of written information for factual truth. Weighing the information: I identified spreads, consulted co-workers and began to place any cardinal facts or subjects. Analyzing the information: I considered relevant research grounds and theory. Using the information: I analysed the informations and formed an sentiment as to whether Jane s demands would be met by Arthur and Joan. The result of the above procedure was to do a recommendation to the tribunal. Along with the viability appraisal was the wellness and safety of the belongings that the kid will be populating in besides had to be assessed. . I had to believe about how the separate pieces of information interlink and about their impact on the gramps. It has been suggested it is of import to avoid subjectiveness and non to disregard information that does non suit with preconceived premises: Taking information for granted and non look intoing. Geting stuck with one position, and neglecting to recognize alternate accounts. Pigeonholing state of affairss and solutions to them. Making premises about age, civilization, disablement or any facet of a service user s life. The manner it s done here attack fitting service users into the everyday response of the bureau alternatively of concentrating on the client. Using the appraisal procedure to ration resources or masking their absence, in other words, assessment becomes resource-led instead than needs-led ( Milner and OByrne, 2002 ) . Smale and Tuson ( 1993 ) propose three theoretical accounts of appraisal: aˆ? The oppugning theoretical account: where the worker is seen as expert and follows a set format of inquiries aˆ? The procedural theoretical account: in which the worker gathers information in order to see if bureau standards are met aˆ? The exchange theoretical account: in which the service user is seen as expert in his or her ain state of affairs and the worker helps to supply resources and seeks to maximize possible. In decision, I realise that people change and as a societal worker I need to be cognizant that new information may emerge that causes state of affairss alteration, so I have to see the impact it has on the appraisal. Although the appraisal is frequently viewed as a separate phase to the intercession, it is besides a uninterrupted procedure and there is a demand to constantly re-assess throughout the intercession ( Milner and OByrne, 2002 ) . I used a Task Centered Model for finishing the Viability Assessment as it was a short term ( 6 hebdomads ) job work outing attack with a clear beginning, center and terminal, and has a specific timeframe to finish the assessesment and subject it to the tribunal. I adopted a Solution Focused attack in my intercession as it worked with Arthur and Joan to assist them to look at their strengths and to happen their ain solutions to challenges they may confront. A Solution Focused attack enables people to see better hereafters, it can be used to concen trate on the positives whilst besides accepting that their strengths which are Arthur and Joan s committedness to run intoing Jane s demands for every bit long as she needs them and fact that this can be used as a platform for future long term planning. In pattern I found it hard to take a individual theoretical account as I realized I would be utilizing all three in this instance. First, the Viability Assessment for affinity involved me in the function of expert with a set format of inquiries, and secondly, I was witting of the standards for affinity to enable me to inquire appropriate auxiliary inquiries but in conclusion, I feel that the exchange theoretical account reflects the values of anti-oppressive pattern in that Arthur is placed in a place of control and so that the procedure meets his outlooks every bit good every bit mine as the measuring societal worker. However, as societal workers runing within a statutory scene we must acknowledge that there are force per unit areas to conform to oppugning or procedural theoretical accounts. To work in an anti-oppressive mode is to integrate necessary inquiring, agendas and graduated tables into an appraisal that respects Arthur s expertness in caring for Jane ( Smale and Tuson, 199 3 ) .

Essay on Modern American HistoryEssay Writing Service

Essay on Modern American HistoryEssay Writing Service Essay on Modern American History Essay on Modern American Historywhy were Martin Luther King Jr.`s two famous addresses known as the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† and â€Å"I Have Been to the Mountaintop Speech† given? What is the significance?The mid- 50s of the 20th century are marked with the beginning of the era of Martin Luther King the American priest, fighter for civil rights. King tried to convince everybody in the necessity of nonviolent resistance to racism at a time when many black nationalists were talking about hatred and were ready to fight against all forces of white America. On August 28, 1963 in Washington, King delivered his famous speech I Have a Dream, in which he expressed his belief in the brotherhood of all people, it is still considered a great piece of oratory. After Kings speech, US authorities were forced to take the Civil Rights Act (1964), which prohibited segregation in public places, and then the Voting Rights Act (1965), which gave equal voting rights to African American s. The last in the life of Martin Luther King Jr. speech was Ive Been to the Mountaintop, the end of which referred to the threat of murder. The fighter for rights was killed, but the movement survived and won. Black with white could now go to the same schools and shops, live in same hotels, they were not hunted by dogs and could sit on front seats of the bus.How did America fight the Vietnam War? Do you think this strategy was successful?The Vietnam War is one of the largest wars of the second half of the 20th century. From mid- 1965 to mid- 1969 the US forces conducted a large-scale operations in South Vietnam. The main goal was to find and destroy the larger units and parts of the NLF and the North Vietnamese Army. This strategy of search and destroy was developed by chief of US forces in that period, General William Westmoreland. The General had traditional view of the war, he saw war as the fighting between the major powers. On January 27, 1973, Paris Peace was signed, an agree ment under which American troops withdrew from Vietnam. The war has stirred up public opinion of Americans, and has had a significant impact on Americans. There appeared a new youth movement – hippies, who were protesting against the war.Name and describe two genocides After World War Two and how America reacted to them?The United States of America became the dominant power of the world after the World War II. There are scientists and historians who blame the USA in genocides, which were in Asia in Korea (1950 1953), and in Indochina (1961 1975); and in Africa South Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Congo (Zaire) (1961 1990). The driving force of genocidal behavior is imperialist desire for internal cohesion and external takeovers. Strategy of total war, adopted by the United States invariably led to the mass extermination of peoples. This is explained by the lack of distinction between military and civilian targets. Historians note that resistance to US imperialism is always based on deep-rooted and widespread belief and ideology. The purpose of the invader is to reduce huge reservoirs of popular support for the resistance its potential for mobilization, food and military security.Why were movies like Rocky and Star Wars popular in the late 1970s?In 1976, the movie Rocky appeared on the screen, and became very popular. It was nominated for 10 Oscars. The story about a failed boxer gave the world a movie that confronts hopelessness. It gave people hope for the future, and therefore gained such popularity. No less popular was the movie Star Wars, the critics called it epic of modern times. The film makes its viewers think about the meaning of life. Movie Star Wars reminds people that life is enormous, and its manifestations are endless, and tomorrow can bring something very good. End of 70s was delineated by structural and economic crisis, so keeping faith in a happy future was more relevant than ever.What is Globalization? Do you think that Globalizati on is a good or bad thing for America?The process of global economic, political, cultural and religious integration is called globalization. It is a consequence of the evolution of public market systems. Concept of a global society is becoming increasingly popular in the world scientific community since the beginning of the 21st century. According to this concept, all the people of Earth are citizens of a single global society. As a result of globalization, the world becomes more connected and dependent on all its subjects. Therefore, on the one hand, globalization leads to partial lack of independence; on the other hand, it strengthens the relationship in the world community.

An Outline of Global Climate Change on Earth

An Outline of Global Climate Change on Earth There is no doubt that the accumulating evidence is suggesting that the Earth’s climate is continually changing in direct result because of human activity. The most important of which causes the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from fossil fuels. A report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated the Earth’s average land and sea surface temperature has increased by 0.6  ± 0.2 degrees Celsius since the middle of the 19th century (â€Å"Climate Change 2014†). The largest parts of change have occurred after 1976. The temperature is not the only thing to change on Earth. The models of precipitation have also changed. The drier regions of Earth are becoming drier, meanwhile other areas are becoming wetter. In the regions where precipitation has surged there has been an unequal boost in the prevalence of the heaviest precipitation occurrences. Furthermore, the IPCC has concluded that if no specif ic actions are taken to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the Earth’s temperatures will likely rise between 1.4 and 5.8 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾ C from 1990 to 2100 (â€Å"Findings of the IPCC†). These forecasts wind speed and precipitation are not as consistent, but they also suggest significant changes. In general, humans are very accustomed to changing climatic conditions that vary on a daily, seasonal, or annual timescale. Increasing evidence suggests that in addition to this natural climate change, average climatic conditions measured over a period of thirty years or longer are also changing a lot more than the natural variations documented in the time periods of decades or centuries. As time is going on the understanding of these causes are becoming more and more understood. Climatologists have compared climate model simulations of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions to that of the observed climate changes of the past. They have also evaluated the possible natural infl uences to include solar and volcanic activity. Climatologists have concluded that there is new and strong evidence that the majority of the global warming observed over the last fifty years is most likely to be attributable to human activities. Global warming has been documented and observed in all continents with the largest temperature changes happening at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The miniscule amount of climatic change that has already occurred so far has had unmistakable effects on a large variety of natural ecosystems. Over the period 1948 to 2013, the average annual temperature in Canada has warmed by 1.6  °C (relative to the 1961-1990 average), a higher rate of warming than in most other regions of the world (â€Å"Impacts of Climate Change†). There are climate model simulations that have been used to estimate the effects of the Earth’s past, present, and future greenhouse gas emissions on climate changes. These models are based on the data of the heat confining properties of gases released into the atmosphere from man-made and natural sources. Also the measured climatic effects of other natural phenomena is used. The models used by the IPCC have been certified by testing their ability to explain climate changes that already happened in the Earth’s past. Generally, the models can give decent estimates of past patterns only when man-made emissions of non-greenhouse gas air pollutants are included to go with the natural phenomena. This underscores that the models show a good estimate of the climate system, natural fluctuations are important contributors to climatic changes even if they cannot sufficiently explain past trends on their own, and man-made greenhouse gas emissions are a vital contributor to climate patterns and are certainly likely to remain so going forward.

Family - its Changes and Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family - its Changes and Values - Essay Example A person may embrace another person’s difference, while some might totally turn their backs from their families or their families might turn away from them because of dissimilarities. Discussion Individuals have their own identities. No two persons have exactly the same life or desires. Even twins do have their differences, which can result in arguments. Yet these differences should not prevent a family from being a unity. As Goodman put it into context, â€Å"We don’t have to achieve to be accepted by our families. We just have to be. Our membership is not based on credentials on birth (4)†. Regardless of how much changes a person may have in a lifetime, he or she should be accepted by the family where he or she belongs. People or society may not agree as to what the person may become, yet the family should be there when a person needs them. Even the meanest person in this world is still loved by his or her family even if he or she resents them. According to Sen na, â€Å"In death we are each reduced to our essence: the spirit we are when we are born. The trappings we hold on to our whole lives – our race, our money, our sex, our age, and our politics – become irrelevant† (19). A person may have the most luxurious life in the physical world, yet he or she may be the poorest in spirit. Worldly possessions are immaterial to a person in his or her dying days. In the end, no person is spared from death. Though what the person has accomplished in life would often be just a memory forgotten in time, it is not valid as regards his or her family that has always loved this person unconditionally. One may change for the worst, yet there are still people who give love and understanding to this individual even when he or she pretends not to need them. It is a sad reality that people often turn their back away from their families when they have achieved their goals, found happiness and contentment in other beliefs, or when greed and envy have eaten them up from inside. Despite these changes, a mother and a father will always have a space in their hearts for their children who had the courage to stand up on their own and live the lives that they want. It is painful for parents when they see their children go astray. The pain that they feel is not brought about by disappoinment or hate. This feeling of pain is brought about by the affection and love that parents have for their children. No parent would want to see their children suffer or get hurt, and this is a valid statement not only as regards the parents-children relationship but also as regards grandparents-grandchildren or uncles/aunts-nephews/nieces relationships. However, as Senna states, â€Å"†¦the differences between us were real and alive, and they threatened to squelch our fragile connection† (16). The first step in accepting one’s differences, especially in a family, is to acknowledge the difference and make amends. It may not b e an easy thing to make amends with people with whom one has differences, especially when it comes to the delicate topics like religious and political beliefs. One may be discriminated by the society due to his or her differences. However, the most painful circumstances would be when a person is being alienated by his or her own family. This is not to blame the families for the shortcomings or the outrageous actions of an individual. It is just an attempt to trace why such events occurred. A part of accepting the difference is to know where and how it started within

Experimental Research Design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Experimental Design - Research Paper Example Difficulties in adjustment typically manifest in forms of the child later being involved in troubled relationships with their partners or spouses, substance abuse etc (Franke, 1983). This study will discuss a research design that will attempt to evaluate the validity of these claims. That is, we will design a research that carries out an impact evaluation of the conditions created by Our population of interest is people who as children witnessed divorces of their parents. Since we are concerned with how these people adjust to life after growing up, we want to evaluate the quality of life of grownups whose parents were divorced. For each treatment we shall evaluate whether the mean was different. For instance, consider the variable ‘age’. The way the impact of this variable will be evaluated is, we shall look at differences in mean age among groups I to IV. Similarly for each of the other three treatments, we shall look at whether the mean scores of the variables differ across the groups. If we find significant differences, then this will imply that the variable for which such a difference was found indeed has an influence on the impact of parent’s divorce on the child’s adjustment. The research design here is essentially a â€Å"Posttest only Control group† type for each separate treatment. Defining the age treatment as â€Å"treatment T>0 if age was greater or equal to 3 years† the diagram for this test can be shown as follows: Barber, B.L. & Eccles, J.S. (1992). Long term influence of divorce in single parenting and adolescent families and work related values, behaviors, and aspirations. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 108-126. Forehand, R., Wierson, M., McCombs, A., Thomas, R., Fauber, L.A., Kempton, T., & Long, N. (1991). A short-term longitudinal examination of young adolescent functioning following divorce: The role of family factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100,

Enforcement of Anti-trust Laws and Regulations in the US Essay Example for Free

Enforcement of Anti-trust Laws and Regulations in the US Essay Monopoly has been defined as a progressive situation in the market wherein only one service or product provider exists. Sole ownership and management of this production ensures no competition in the industry in which the firm is involved. The powers are being concentrated in a single individual or groups of people managing the single existing firm. Such case leads to various legal controversies impregnating different reactions especially in the public and legal conducts. The law-conscious community is reviewing ethical issues about this controversy searching for any factors of abuse that might be occurring. Such conditions apply the law of Anti-trust. Enforcement of this kind of law accompanies complicated procedures and different processes. For companies to experience such interruptions is really a big deal of sales lost. In the United States, there are millions of establishments and not all of them are big and already established firmly. Some of this company are still gaining their phase and trying to make a break in the market competition. If their competitors are commercially big and has been established for quite long already, the monopoly of this competitor company is at high range. If this continues, then breaks the purpose of free trade principles and blocks the growth of small raising business firms. Competitions in the market are usual and important since this is where everything upholds the business. The price modifications, deals and the transaction itself are all influenced by competitions. In this case, to the implementation of this Law is very much necessary in order to prevent the disruptions of free trade policy. These issues are covered in this paper aiming to the present laws, the means of committing violations for these monopolistic powers and the legal considerations involved in this issue. Reinforcement of such law is also included in the discussion and analysis of this paper. The paper aims to answer the following query by critical analysis and a. What are Anti-trust Laws and how does it affect the business conditions? b. How do the authorities implement this rules and regulations? Cite the problems of implementations encountered upon its implementation phase. The implementation of such law in a wide scale basis proves to be difficult and can sometimes be problematic; since, with the anti-trust law, you are not anymore dealing with a single or small business firms but rather huge companies and mostly monopoly associations. The scope of this study revolves only in the objective to answer the proposed questions. Anti-Trust Law Coverage The law of Anti-trust basically defeats the effects of monopoly or those that threaten free trade conditions. This competition law has different factors to which it can extend it effects. The Anti-trust law, first and foremost, negates any external or internal forces that halt free trading as well as market competition in every business firm. Second, any domination of such firm in the market is a form of abuse towards its competitors. Lastly, any business activities that threaten the status and rights of competing business firms under free trade can be halted or suspended. In the United States, large business associations have aimed to control the market. In such case, the dominating business firm can set the price by its own will, manipulate customer and in some cases even refuse customers. These actions are greatly inhibited by the Anti-trust law (Hylton, 2003 p. 43-44). Section 1. Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine This exact statement has been settled in the federal constitution, which evidently includes both transactions and negotiations from outside and inside the country that have an intention of disrupting free trade concept. The violation of Antitrust law is deemed as guilty of felony and punishable by fines. The Monopoly Law: Anti-trust Law  Dated back during 1990s, the economists have become entirely focused in the ongoing competitiveness especially in the commercial field. The frequent changes of the integral character of these business firms and the necessity for employment advancements in the middle of an evident competition and technologically oriented commerce have induced this impulsion. Community institutions have concentrated on promotion of economic efficiency by developing the policies that governs national economy and liberalization and privatization within national economy (Olson 1999, p. 1-2). As provided the Anti-trust law, which is statutory, regulatory, and an essential part of the federal legal body that prevents and corrects unreasonable trade restraints, any commercial firms that solely centralize and null the competition, as in the case of monopoly, are actually committing violence against the said law (Emerson 2004, p. 485). The Anti-trust law comprises various regulatory laws that maintain capitalism, fair trade and market competition in the economy. Sherman act is the best example of an economic policy that negates unfair competition as promoted by the system of monopoly (Letwin 1981, p. ). As stated by the Section II. Monopolizing trade a felony; Penalty of Sherman Act of 1890: Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $10,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person, $350,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding three years, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court. Application of this law provides access to far-reaching principle of the policy that the American economy shall continue competitive economy and null any attempts of eliminating these competitions (Letwin 1981, p. 3). Committing Violations by Monopoly Powers Certain controversies ignite the legal bodies regarding the major organization’s increasing monopolization status. According to Pearlstein (2004), any claims of occurring monopolization power require proof of price manipulation or any attempts to exclude competition in the market provided these are willful initiations and with maintenance of that power (p. 29). Monopoly claims are subjected not only during its exercise but mainly in existence, meaning even the stage dormancy commits violation however; the rule of exemption still applies to some scenarios. Monopolization power that exists for a short period of time however, may not support the claims of monopoly (p. 231). Felony is the violation committed of the act of monopoly. However, there are certain limits and considerations analyzed in the ethical considerations in this law in order to balance the situation. This forms controversy among commercial and legal firms (McConnell Brue 2004, p. 00). Ethical Considerations: Behavioralists and Structuralists The ethical considerations of these cases primarily divide the views in terms of the firm’s structure and the performance of these business organizations. The two scenarios illustrated in the book of McConnell Brue (2004), Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies, are analyzed in this section. In 1911, the issue of U. S Steel case has established a rule of reason in the court. The conditions are the increased size and evident monopolistic powers of the said firm. However, the firm has justified their claims in the court stating the presence of these powers is basically unintended. They have not caused any illegal actions among their minor competitors hence the court termed their case as â€Å"good trust† considering this not guilty. On the other hand, the Aloe Case that has occurred in 1945 has possessed clear indication of monopoly since it has supplied 90% aluminum in the market. Such case has led into incapacitation the minor aluminum producers. The court has announced guilty and violation of Sherman act sec II is pronounced (p. 600). Structuralists view that the firm with most market shares are the legitimate target of this monopoly law since market competition are being affected. In this case, it is natural for the occurrence of such monopolistic behavior. Suggestion of this group involves the splitting of this huge firm into smaller units providing improvement and quality of performance as well. This applies in the case of Aloe since their firm shares the biggest part in the market. In another point of view, Behavioralists view the large firms make their way to possess unintended monopolistic status. They view that this might be because of the quality of service, best products and reasonable prices rendered to the public. Such case, if proven to have absent competitive practices provides pardon from monopoly regulation of Sherman act (p. 601). Enforcement Antitrust laws have been objected by other business firms due to various reasons that impede wealth accumulation. If the antirust laws are designed to provide the socially optimal level of deterrence, then they have to discourage only those acts that reduce society’s wealth. Antitrust laws overdeter if they discourage conduct that on balance increases society’s wealth (Hylton, 2003 p. 43). In terms of the telecoms company, some have viewed the conditions of Antitrust questionable as well. The design of this law is originally applicable to traditional manufacturing and distribution industries, since these markets are fast-moving corporations or the production of their products is very fast hence, production increases and the capacity of product provision from the sole supplier also occurs. Operators often claim that their market is an â€Å"emerging market†; however, this condition is not anymore applicable if vast expanse of production to the point of hindering competition is already happening. This condition defeats the purpose of free trade as well as competitions. The statement of the Sherman Antitrust Act is not accurate, and this has resulted to legal confusions and inconsistencies. It has become unsuccessful in defining the meaning of such essential definitions as trust, conspiracy, restraint of trade or commerce, monopolize, or combine. Because of this, the end outcome of such term discrepancy is the struggling of United States courts for the provision of clear and accurate legal definition for this law. The Federal Trade commission is the ones responsible for the enforcement, monitoring and revocation of such law, and this organization has been doing this for the past 8 decades now. The capabilities of FTC are further enhanced and now able to suspend those business corporations or marketing industries that promotes anti-competitive actions. The antitrust division, however, are the ones in charge of investigatory assessment and prosecutions of these associations found as such. If in case the antitrust division found grounds of anti-competition schemes, it seriously prosecutes the violations of these firms against the law. The FTC, on the other hand, also serves as the protocol manager that provides guidance for these corporations in terms of business restructuring or law-abiding marketing strategies in order to prevent the violation of such law. These firms need to adhere and abide in the U. S. aw of Competition in order to avoid the tendency of closure or suspension. The Sherman Act has become the main branch of the antitrust law. This act is the one responsible for the maintenance of free and competitive business firms. Violations of anti-competitions and negation of free policies are filed under this act ever since the act has been promulgated. However, penalty system of this law has been modified; Individual offenders may be fined up to $350,000 and sentenced to three years in prison for each offense. Corporations can be fined up to $10 million, in some cases even more (Sherman Antitrust Act†¦, 2007). According to the article brought by The Economist (200), entitled Trust and antitrust. (Effects of enforcing antitrust legislation), Untied States law body enforces the law strictly and seriously. In the past decades, the enforcement of this law has greatly improved; however, the focus has become limited. Instead of attacking business firms simply because they are big, trust busting has been restricted to cases where there is clear evidence of market power, as defined by economists rather than lawyers, being used to harm consumers. However, during the time of Clinton administration, the scope and scale of antitrust implementation have expanded greatly, way beyond such well-founded cases as Microsoft. However, there are associated problems as well for the implementation of this law since the case per company violations are being scrutinized firmly. Moreover, confusion due to definitions and scope conditions are usually occurring. Mostly the problems that revolve under this law conditions are procedural and systematic processes. In the end, delays are resulted because of procedural difficulties. Adding more into that are the overlapping authorities that need to be addressed upon filing, analysis and implementation of such law. In the current trend of antitrust implementation, bodies such as politicians, lawyers and economists are looking at this law as a big opportunity to attain fortune. It is because of the penalties and under-the-table transactions that occur between these people and the alleged company. In some cases, trust-busting associations such as Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission even causes double or multiple jeopardy among these companies. There are those people who even look at this scenario as business and not anymore justice. The ethical considerations of such law become fragile since, law bodies tend to view this as income source rather than free trade and competition issues. One of the examples of this condition has occurred in the ever popular, Microsoft. This company has encountered double up to multiple jeopardy because of Anti-trust violation. It may make sense, as suggested recently by Richard Posner, the court-appointed mediator in the Microsoft case, for Congress to ban state antitrust suits in such situations. In addition, there is an argument, given that many monopolies and mergers are now global in reach, for some kind of world co-ordinating body, as suggested by Joel Klein, the Justice Departments outgoing antitrust boss. Surprisingly, antitrust has now become an alluring profession for money-grabbing politicians, bureaucrats, economists and lawyers, all of whom will be likely to prefer opposing positions. Any lawyer or economist who knows about antitrust will earn a fortune from increased activity.

Ignorance In Your High School Principal; My Trip To His Office :: essays research papers

I walked into his office. The look on his face was distasteful. He made me feel inferior to him. Not the way you should feel around your high school principal. I didn’t feel welcome, or even accepted. His beady eyes burned holes in my skin. I sat. He gazed into my tired eyes, and he asked me the following, "What’s going on?" How am I supposed to respond to this sort of question? If I say "nothing," it’s a given that there is something. However, if I try to speak with him about anything, it will be like talking to a brick wall. Authority figures never have any compassion. They care only about the person that rules them. In this case it would be the superintendent. I reply with a comment which is very versatile, "Not much, and yourself?" He gives me a look of disappointment. The kind of look you get when your parents find out you’ve been skipping school for the whole first semester. He turns his back to me. I hate it when they do that. They always think you are going to be sitting there waiting for them to turn around. Like you think they are the most important person in the world. I don’t do that though, I just admire all the hoaky pictures and quotes on his white walls. Yeah, if he actually believed in all these sayings he wouldn’t be working here, I think. Suddenly, I feel my ears begin to burn. I try to do a play by play in my head of what I am going to say to him. I don’t know why I do that, it never helps. I always end up shooting off my mouth, and getting into trouble. He turns back around and informs me that I was absent this past Friday. LIKE I don’t know. He tells me I have to serve seven hours of detention. "Excuse me, Mr. Principal, Sir..." I begin. Only to be cut off with another, "I don’t want to hear it." I shut my mouth and let him ramble on. I have a lot of better things to do with my time, I think to myself. Listening to people you really don’t care to listen to is quite boring. So, I let my mind wander. I think of how many runs I could be snowboarding down at this very moment.

Mercantilism: International Trade and Favorable Balance

During the Age of Exploration, mercantilism was the main economic philosophy. Mercantilism is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, mainly commercial activities, by and for the state. There are multiple ideas that characterize mercantilism. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions such as the Navigational Acts, towards having a favorable balance of trade, extending borders, and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country. Having a favorable balance of trade was essential to mercantilism.A favorable balance of trade meant that there were more goods leaving the country to be sold (exports) than there were goods coming into the country to be bought (imports). This allows the country to be making more money than it’s losing. This means that the country will be making a profit instead of losing money or being at a standstill economically speaking. Jean Baptiste Colbert of France applied this idea to France by making France self-sufficient, so that France would not have to buy anything outside of itself meaning no imports.He did this by setting up a system of state inspection and regulation on domestic goods. He made domestic industries meet very high standards on their products because then the French could buy high quality goods locally instead of buying the same goods internationally. Also, a key component for France’s favorable balance of trade included Colbert applying high tariffs to imports. This would encourage the French to buy less goods from other countries. This gave citizens a higher incentive to stop buying imports and to buy domestically made goods.Now French goods were of high quality and they were much cheaper than imported goods. These two ideas (self-sufficiency & tariffs) that Colbert applied to France allowed mercantilism to enrich France through having a favorable balance of trade. The textile industry expanded enormously due to Colbert’s policies, and â€Å"France†¦ had become in 1683 the leading nation of the world in industrial productivity. † This shows that France had successfully become self-sufficient, which means that the amount of imports coming into France were extremely low. Having the mother country become wealthier was the goal of mercantilism.Colbert’s policies were an effort in enriching France. He created a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods which allowed France to transport large amounts of goods easily and quickly when trading with other countries. Another country who had a powerful merchant marine was the Dutch. The Dutch East India Company is an example of the powerful merchant marine that the Dutch controlled during the 1600s. These countries both worked to control the trade of their country’s exports. They wanted to increase the amount of exports to enrich the mother country.France did this by giving bonuses to French ship owners and builders while establishing a method of training for sailors. This would allow France to be able to trade their goods quickly and efficiently making the amount of exports increase. The Dutch also used trade merchants to bring the Netherlands prodigious wealth. The Dutch merchant marine was the largest in Europe. They controlled trade, and since they dealt in bulk no country could undersell them. The Dutch East India company was a joint stock company that dealt with the transportation of goods.The company was extremely successful, and with the combination of the Dutch merchant marine and companies such as the Dutch East and West India Companies, the Netherlands enjoyed a great amount of success due to mercantilism. Both France and the Netherlands increased their amount of exports by creating powerful merchant marines. Mercantilism being the main economic philosophy during the Age of Exploration allowed countries like the Netherlands and France to become extremely wealthy. France used Colbert’s policies of self-sufficiency, high tariffs on imports, and a powerful merchant marine to create a favorable balance of trade for France.The Netherlands had become the financial center of Europe through controlling trade by having famous exports and successful transportation companies such as The Dutch East India Company. This allowed the Dutch industries to enrich the mother country. These policies from both countries are key components to what mercantilism is. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions towards having a favorable balance of trade and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country. Mercantilism: International Trade and Favorable Balance Discuss economic policies and institutions that characterized mercantilism systems 1600-1800.During the Age of Exploration, mercantilism was the main economic philosophy. Mercantilism is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, mainly commercial activities, by and for the state. There are multiple ideas that characterize mercantilism. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions such as the Navigational Acts, towards having a favorable balance of trade, extending borders, and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country.Having a favorable balance of trade was essential to mercantilism. A favorable balance of trade meant that there were more goods leaving the country to be sold (exports) than there were goods coming into the country to be bought (imports). This allows the country to be making more money than it’s losing. This means that the country will be making a profit ins tead of losing money or being at a standstill economically speaking. Jean Baptiste Colbert of France applied this idea to France by making France self-sufficient, so that France would not have to buy anything outside of itself meaning no imports.He did this by setting up a system of state inspection and regulation on domestic goods. He made domestic industries meet very high standards on their products because then the French could buy high quality goods locally instead of buying the same goods internationally. Also, a key component for France’s favorable balance of trade included Colbert applying high tariffs to imports. This would encourage the French to buy less goods from other countries. This gave citizens a higher incentive to stop buying imports and to buy domestically made goods.Now French goods were of high quality and they were much cheaper than imported goods. These two ideas (self-sufficiency & tariffs) that Colbert applied to France allowed mercantilism to enrich France through having a favorable  balance of trade. The textile industry expanded enormously due to Colbert’s policies, and â€Å"France†¦ had become in 1683 the leading nation of the world in industrial productivity.† This shows that France had successfully become self-sufficient, which means that the amount of imports coming into France were extremely low.Having the mother country become wealthier was the goal of mercantilism. Colbert’s policies were an effort in enriching France. He created a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods which allowed France to transport large amounts of goods easily and quickly when trading with other countries. Another country who had a powerful merchant marine was the Dutch. The Dutch East India Company is an example of the powerful merchant marine that the Dutch controlled during the 1600s. These countries both worked to control the trade of their country’s exports. They wanted to increase the amount of exports to enrich the mother country. France did this by giving bonuses to French ship owners and builders while establishing a method of training for sailors.This would allow France to be able to trade their goods quickly and efficiently making the amount of exports increase. The Dutch also used trade merchants to bring the Netherlands prodigious wealth. The Dutch merchant marine was the largest in Europe. They controlled trade, and since they dealt in bulk no country could undersell them.The Dutch East India company was a joint stock company that dealt with the transportation of goods. The company was extremely successful, and with the combination of the Dutch merchant marine and companies such as the Dutch East and West India Companies, the Netherlands enjoyed a great amount of success due to mercantilism. Both France and the Netherlands increased their amount of exports by creating powerful merchant marines.Mercantilism being the main economic philosophy during the Age of Exp loration allowed countries like the Netherlands and France to become extremely wealthy. France used Colbert’s policies of self-sufficiency, high tariffs on imports, and a powerful merchant marine to create a favorable balance of trade for France. The Netherlands had become the financial center of Europe through controlling trade by having famous exports and successful transportation companies such as The Dutch East India Company.This allowed the Dutch industries to enrich the mother country. These policies from both countries are key components to what mercantilism is. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions towards having a favorable balance of trade and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country.

“I just want to be Average” by Mike Rose Essay

The essay by Mike Rose made me really think about the purpose of education schools have to offer us. He talks about how a basic exam can determine your whole life; it made me really think about how accurate these tests really are. The purpose of this essay seemed to be how he feels students failures isn’t because of us, its because of the school system overall. He shares how the vocational track is basically portrayed as students who are not motivated to learn. The question he makes us think about is, why are these students so unmotivated to learn? He states how for the most part the teachers are the ones who are not motivated enough to teach them. Basically the teachers have to be there because it’s their job, and from the moment of the student’s first grade the teachers automatically think that they’re UN teachable. Students believe whatever the teacher says so they start believing that their stupid and so they wont try. Later on in the book, Rose talks about Jack MacFarland. He descries him as a unique person, because even though he’s a teacher he puts work to make students understand that all teachers are not the same. 1. Roses’ life in Voc.Ed was a nightmare. R he teachers would basically talk to him like he’s retarded. Roses’ teachers were so unmotivated to teach him. They basically gave up on everyone who was in voc. Ed since day one. 2. Voc. Ed. Basically made everyone not want to learn anything. It affected them in a harsh manner because the students started to believe that they were never going to be anyone in life so they just stop trying all together. Math was a subject that Rose could never come to a full understanding of it because, it was his teachers’ unwillingness to make sure he continually learned this skill. 3. Students, who often see themselves in a negative way, see a negative impact on their schooling. Ken Harvey didn’t necessarily think he should being the Voc. Ed. pathway. He took it out on himself for being led to that pathway. At the end of the day, he knew he couldn’t change it, and other people’s opinions didn’t matter to him, He had to realize that in a classroom like his everyone had their own opinions that often did not match the likes of his. Students often let the opinion of others bring them down and affect them in their academics, but if you set your mind to it at the end of the day no ones opinions really matters accept your own. 4. Jack offers rose the help and support that roses’ teachers would not give him. I think anyone with Roses’ intelligence  can succeed if they put their mind to it. Roses essay makes me think about the reality of this world. How the mistake of the school district can impact your life in a whole different way. How students who are placed in â€Å"slow† classes, basically get no help at all because teachers believe their UN teachable. Don’t people realize that makes a child’s life even worse?

Free Essays on Business Planning

Business planning plays a very important role in today’s society, and in determining the degree of success realised by a new or small business. A business plan is a written document that articulates a business concept, market potential, opportunities, growth strategies, financial requirements and management for a venture. The business plan is an essential tool for the entrepreneur and all other managers and businesses as it serves as a tool to both the internal management needs of the private entity and the informational needs of external entities that are critical to a ventures success. The business plan has been defined as being: â€Å"the culmination of a lengthy, arduous, creative and iterative process that can transform the caterpillar of a raw idea into the magnificent butterfly of an opportunity† (1) (Jeffry A Timmons) The purpose of the business plan is to clearly define the business/company in as much detail as possible and how the business/company will operate in the current market, so as financiers will be able to see the business opportunity and how much financing it requires. More specifically the business plan can be viewed or seen as a guiding analysis or document because it establishes the ventures business objectives, goals, strategies and approaches to achieving these objectives and goals. In fundamental nature it analyses the three key questions a company should know the answers to prior to writing their business plan. These are: Where are we now? Where do we intend to go? And, how do we get there? Essentially a business plan is thought to distil your ideas, rank your priorities and clarify your objectives. The business plan is normally comprised of four main sections each with several sub-sections, which aims to act as the ultimate guide to the entrepreneur/manager. The four main areas’ can come under these headings: introductory elements business section financi... Free Essays on Business Planning Free Essays on Business Planning Business planning plays a very important role in today’s society, and in determining the degree of success realised by a new or small business. A business plan is a written document that articulates a business concept, market potential, opportunities, growth strategies, financial requirements and management for a venture. The business plan is an essential tool for the entrepreneur and all other managers and businesses as it serves as a tool to both the internal management needs of the private entity and the informational needs of external entities that are critical to a ventures success. The business plan has been defined as being: â€Å"the culmination of a lengthy, arduous, creative and iterative process that can transform the caterpillar of a raw idea into the magnificent butterfly of an opportunity† (1) (Jeffry A Timmons) The purpose of the business plan is to clearly define the business/company in as much detail as possible and how the business/company will operate in the current market, so as financiers will be able to see the business opportunity and how much financing it requires. More specifically the business plan can be viewed or seen as a guiding analysis or document because it establishes the ventures business objectives, goals, strategies and approaches to achieving these objectives and goals. In fundamental nature it analyses the three key questions a company should know the answers to prior to writing their business plan. These are: Where are we now? Where do we intend to go? And, how do we get there? Essentially a business plan is thought to distil your ideas, rank your priorities and clarify your objectives. The business plan is normally comprised of four main sections each with several sub-sections, which aims to act as the ultimate guide to the entrepreneur/manager. The four main areas’ can come under these headings: introductory elements business section financi...

Lit review on'Small Business growth is solely dependent on the skills Essay

Lit review on'Small Business growth is solely dependent on the skills of the entrepreneur and their attitude towards risk.' - Essay Example According to Schumpeter, an entrepreneur identifies and seizes business opportunities then converts these opportunities into viable and marketable ideas. Being one of the factors of production, an entrepreneur combines the other factors of production, that is, land, labour and capital. He or she then assumes the risks involved in order to realize a profit. Small businesses have developed into economy drivers over the last two decades. This is the period when most governments have been liberalizing their previously closed market. Before then, the government corporations were the economic growth agents but since the markets are now freer, many small businesses have spruced up. Their massive number has however, stunted their growth because of stiff competition (Hubbard, 2009). This necessitates possession of an array of special skills and characteristics that are possessed by an entrepreneur. Any person can start a business, but the successful ones persevere to see the business navigate tough times and eventually succeed and grow. Some of these skills are tackled in this paper. It is, however, imperative to note that even though the entrepreneurs are painted as the more successful people when it comes to small business growth, they still experience a high failure rates. The studies conducted by Business Growth Index showed that the failure rate stood at 75% (Shiu et al, 2007). A business failure can be defined as the inability of the business to get the required return on investment. Since the business is small, and most of the time funded through personal savings or through debt financing after leveraging individual’s property, starting a small business with such a high failure rate becomes too risky. However, this is one of the major characteristics separating a business person and an entrepreneur; an entrepreneur is alert for opportunities that an ordinary business person ignores or does not see; most importantly, an entrepreneur assumes risks that an or dinary business person is reluctant to assume (Minniti, 2013). Risk according to many people has a negative connotation, and rightly so because many start up businesses have ended up declaring bankruptcy after assuming unnecessary risks. But to entrepreneurs, a risk is a positive force; it is an opportunity in disguise and a challenge that needs to be tackled. Beneath the risk the entrepreneur sees the rewards which are the profits (Lowe and Marriott, 2006). Being a risk taker rather than risk averse like most business persons does not mean being reckless, it only implies taking calculated risks to realize profits. This requires some expertise in combining factors of production, utilizing innovation and creativity wells of the business, entrepreneurial skills and patience. There are millions of small businesses started every year, but their mortality rate is just as high. Most of those that weather the storms are those that were started by entrepreneurs (Gabardi and Tichy, 2013). Th ese businesses do not just seek to be operational but also, as a main objective, to grow. Entrepreneurs, through their skills, are the agent of small business growth (Minniti, 2013). The following are some of the skills possessed by successful entrepreneurs that have helped in growing of their small businesses. The first skill possessed by

Law Practice Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Law Practice Management - Essay Example It entails targeting a specific market or community that is easily identifiable. The decision that was unanimously arrived at is that we should carve out our niche in Computer law. This area of law, deals with securing information that is stored and/or transmitted through computers. There is a horde of reasons for choosing this specific area of specialization. To begin with, our existing clientele mainly draws out from this area, and they have a capacity to sustain our entity in the short run and help us to breakeven within the first year of operation. Secondly, we have the necessary educational background, and passion for this specific niche, individually and collectively. In addition, this is a developing area, with a greatly promising future. Internet has had a profound impact on the society in the past few years and the nature of its dynamic changes creates a lot of emerging legal uncertainty. In addition, there is an increase in the number of legislations enacted in the recent past, such as Computer Security Act of 1987 and Health Information Technology of 2009. To add, it touches basically on every other sphere of law from, e-commerce, Intellectual Property (IP), privacy to online money payment systems. Moreover, it is cross cutting and is not limited in terms of boundaries, and it, in essence, makes boundaries more and more meaningless. More importantly, it has an untapped potential, and growth rate is exponential, given that the number of Americans using internet or having access to internet grows day by day. In addition, most organizations have automated their mode of operation and it is basically possible to complete all manner of transactions online. This market has few practitioners as compared to the potential market, and the existing market is highly untapped. The entity we have chosen to adopt and register is in the form of a professional association, registered as an S corporation under the laws

Social Control, Discipline and Regulation Assignment

Social Control, Discipline and Regulation - Assignment Example 71). Divided into four parts, this paper will evaluate the concepts of crime and crime control; access Foucault’s contribution critically; analyse and assess the 1960’s anti-institutional consensus; and critically assess the alternative method of social control as proposed by Braithwaite. Crime entails unlawful acts or omissions that are punishable by the laws of the concerned states in which the acts and omissions take place (Valier 2001, p. 425). The acts and omissions are not only harmful to specific individuals, but also the community and state as well. On the other hand, crime control involves the plans instituted to work towards removing criminal activities from the community. The emphasis of crime control is on the use of sanctions, seeking to deter the occurrence of crime by threatening harsher punishments such as the death penalty. Conservative measures of crime control include incarceration, boot camps and capital punishment. The concept of crime control puts emphasis on the protection of society and taking care of victims as the criminal justice system’s priority. However, a critical evaluation of crime control reveals that it condemns modern criminal justice systems and law enforcement (Clarke & Guerette, 2007, p. 230). This is because crime contro l focuses on the creation of comfortable environments at the expense of increasing legal consequences of crime, police manpower and efficient programs to care for victims. The model of crime control often conflicts with the legal system, with its proponents arguing that the legal system affects the way law enforcement perceives criminal justice, compromising its efficiency. As proposed by advocates of crime control, the police must be given more power and allow harsher punishments for perpetrators of crime, hence reducing the legal system’s power over criminal justice. This model may have had its effective era when stricter punishment meant less crime but, taking the United States as an

Essay on the Russian Revolution Essay Example for Free

Essay on the Russian Revolution Essay The Russo-Japanese War lasted from 1904 to 1905, and arose from both Japan and Russia’s desire for expansion and dominance in Korea and Manchuria. Russia suffered many great defeats in this war, against a nation that was considered inferior and was not one of the Great Powers. This humiliated the people of Russia, and caused them to lose confidence in Tsar Nicholas II, as well as causing great military, economic, and political problems for Russia. When the Russo-Japanese War erupted in 1904, Russia was not fully prepared to involve itself in a war. The Trans-Siberian Railway was not completed and would not be until 1905, so Russias army was not fully mobile. Russia’s inability efficiently mobilize caused them to lose battles to the Japanese and to eventually lose the war itself. The Russians were optimistic; as they were sure their vast superiority of numbers would easily defeat the tiny Japan, but this was not to be. Japan, with their advanced technology destroyed the Russian Army, armed with their primitive weapons as compared to the Asians. Huge military defeats were caused by the Russo-Japanese War, which highlighted the weakness of the military and caused national humiliation. Russia, all along had prided themselves on military excellence. An example of such a defeat was in January 1905 when the army had to surrender their Port Arthur naval base in Northern China, which they had possessed before the start of the war. Another example of a great failure of the military was at the Battle of Tsushima in May 1905. The Russian Baltic fleet consisting of the 35 warships had sailed from northern Europe to the Far East, only to lose 25 warships in a defeat by the Japanese navy. The crushing of Russian’s military added impetus to the 1905 Revolution, as it made the people of Russia aware of the weakness of their military and ashamed to be Russian. They were losing to a nation very few had heard of and it was humiliating,  this caused the opposition to autocratic rule by the Tsar Nicholas II. The Russo-Japanese War brought about economic problems for Russia, and this therefore meant there was a significant lack of money to solve any other problems present Russia. The war, as all wars do, cost an extreme amount of money. As it resulted in failure no money could be gained from the invaded territories. Russia had already had economic problems, and its economy was still far behind that of other Great Powers. Russia needed more money to invest in the economy to enlarge it, to make it more comparable to other Great Powers. The backwardness of Russia compared to these other Great Powers was another source of national humiliation for the people of Russia. Furthermore, the lack of money meant that the government could do nothing about the living and working conditions in towns and cities, or the problems in the rural areas of Russia. Consequently, the economic problems brought about a dent in national pride and Russia’s being unable to solve any of its other problems due to financial constraints. Both the peasants and the landowners were suffering. People were starving Agriculture was very behind that of other countries, as under the Witte system nothing had been done to improve it. Therefore the land was not cultivated properly, and famines occurred quite regularly such as the one in 1902 as well as the one in 1905, even with all this the peasants were still required to provide food for the Russian Army at war. There were also political implications of the Russo-Japanese War. The war was fought in the very far eastern reaches of the country, far away from where the majority of the population lived, and hence they must have felt removed from it, especially as news was still slow to travel. There was therefore little public enthusiasm for the war. Many people felt there was little justification for it: public opinion was not on the side of the war. Moreover, the military was very ill-equipped for the war. This showed to the people of Russia the government’s failings, and caused people to turn away from the Tsar as a leader, and look elsewhere, such as to political groups who were prepared to take radical action to achieve their aims, the people had lost faith in the Tsar. Political groups such as the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks took advantage of the peasant discontent and tried to turn the peasants against the Czar and more towards radicalism and liberalism. On Sunday, 22nd January 1905, more than 200 000 workers, led by a priest of the church by the n ame of Father Gapon, took  part in a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg (later known as Petrograd, and then Leningrad). They proceeded to the Winter Palace to present a petition to the Tsar. The petition, written by Gapon, made clear the problems and opinions of the workers and called for improved working conditions, fairer wages, and a reduction in the working day to eight hours and medical benefits. Other demands included an end to the Russo-Japanese War and the introduction of universal suffrage. They also wanted a parliament, or a Duma, to represent their views. The unarmed demonstrators were shot at by the Tsars troops (The Imperial Guard). This is referred to as the â€Å"Bloody Sunday†. There were many outbursts after that. Troops mutinied, peasants rose up and there were strikes and riots emerged. In the October Manifesto which was drafted by Sergei Witte, who became Russias first prime minister, Tsar Nicholas II was forced to : (1) Grant to the population the inviolable right of free citizenship, based on the principles of freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly, and union. (2 ) Without postponing the intended elections for the State Duma and insofar as possible †¦ to include in the participation of the work of the Duma those classes of the population that have been until now entirely deprived of the right to vote, and to extend in the future, by the newly created legislative way, the principles of the general right of election. (3) To establish as an unbreakable rule that without its confirmation by the State Duma, no law shall go into force and that the persons elected by the people shall have the opportunity for actual participation in supervising the legality of the acts of authorities appointed by it† A Duma was elected in 1906, dominated by the middle-class Kadet party, the Duma was supposed to be able to enact legislation that would bind even the Tsar but even this proved too radical in its demands for the Tsar. The Tsar was determined to preserve his autocracy even in the context of reform and he restricted the Dumas authority in many ways. The Tsar issued the Fundamental Laws. It stated in part that Tsars ministers could not be appointed by, and were not responsible to, the Duma, thus denying responsible government at the executive level. Furthermore, the Tsar had the power to dismiss the Duma and announce new elections whenever he wished. He also restricted the franchise to the property-owning classes. The Tsar never allowed the Duma to be anything more than an advisory committee. This idealized vision of the  Romanov monarchy blinded him to the actual state of his country. With a firm belief that his power to rule was granted by Divine Right, Nicholas assumed that the Russian people were devoted to him with unquestioning loyalty. This ironclad belief rendered Nicholas unwilling to allow the progressive reforms that might have alleviated the suffering of the Russian people. Tsar Nicholas II tried to deal with the pressures for change by increasing police powers; there was brutal suppression of dissent and the civil rights granted in 1905 gradually restricted. Witte resigned and was replaced in July by Stolypin, who combined ruthlessness in dealing with unrest with a thoughtful programme of agrarian reform which tried to remove the legacy of debt and land hunger and create a class of peasant farmers loyal to the regi me. Stolypin had fallen out with the Tsar even before he was assassinated in 1911, and after this Nicholass ministers were of limited ability. Even before the start of the First World War unrest was breaking out again, but the onset of war, and the rapidity and magnitude of Russian defeats, greatly weakened the political and economic structure of the country. Alexis, Tsar Nicholas IIs son suffered from haemophilia, where his blood was unable to clot after bleeding due to a lack of platelets in the blood. Rasputin claimed to be a holy monk from the remote wastelands of Siberia, and was able to use his supernatural healing powers to heal Alexis. Granted, Rasputin could ease some of Alexis pain, but most of what he did seemed a scam .The Tsarina (the Tsars wife) doted on her son and thus naturally treated the monk better, since Grigori Rasputin did what doctors couldn’t do, which was to help her son with his sickness and to help stop his pain. In 1911 Stolypin ordered Rasputin out of St. Petersburg, and the order was obeyed. Stolypins minister of religion, Lukyanov, on the reports of the police, ordered an investigation that produced abundant evidence of Rasputins scandalous deeds. From this time on, the Tsarina detested Prime Minister Stolypin. After Stolypin was assassinated, the Tsarina brought Rasputin back to St. Petersburg. Rasputin abused his authority and replaced many ministers with his own family and friends, regardless of whether the previous ministers were good. Some of his decision in the countrys administration were also foolish and led to many problems. This naturally led to people disliking Rasputin severely and thus blaming the Tsar for his trust in this incompetent person. In 1915 Tsar Nicholas II unwisely chose to take direct command of field operations, personally overseeing Russia’s main theatre of war, leaving his German wife, Tsarina Alexandra as regent in charge of affairs in the capital. Alexandra was very unpopular with the Russian people, who accused her of collaboration with the Germans. Alexandra had no experience of government and under the influence of Rasputin constantly appointed and re-appointed incompetent new ministers, which meant the government was never stable or efficient. This was particularly dangerous in a war of attrition, as neither the troops nor the civilian population were ever adequately supplied; the country was plunged into further state of crisis. By 1917 the regime was in a parlous state with revolutionary unrest spreading among the troops and workers, peasants seizing the large estates and (a decisive new factor compared with the events of 1905) signs of disunity and disaffection amongst the ruling à ©lite and police, first shown in the murder of Rasputin by conservative nobles on Dec. 31, 1916. When Nicholas II entered the First World War, his desire was to restore the prestige that Russia had lost during the Russo-Japanese war. Nicholas wanted to galvanize the diverse people in his empire under a single banner by directing military force at a common enemy, namely Germany and the Central Powers. A common assumption among his critics is that he believed that by doing so he could distract the people from the ongoing issues of poverty, inequality and poor working conditions that were sources of discontent. Instead of restoring Russia’s political and military standing, World War I lead to horrifying military casualties on the Russian side and undermined it further. By 1915 (during World War I), there were manifold signs that the economy was breaking down under the heightened strain of wartime demand and the Tsar’s mis-management of the country’s funds. Over fifteen million men joined the army( due to conscription), which left an insufficient number of workers in the factories and on the farms. Conscription also stripped skilled workers from the cities and they had to be replaced with unskilled peasants. The result was widespread shortages of food and materials. Factory workers had to endure terrible working conditions, including twelve to fourteen hour days and low wages. Many riots  and strikes for better conditions and higher wages broke out. Although some factories agreed to the requests for higher wages, wartime inflation nullified the increase. Industrial workers went on strike and effectively paralyzed the railway and transportation networks. What few supplies were available could not be effectively transported. As goods became more and more scarce, prices skyrocketed. People were suffering, they began to turn to prostitution or crime( there was an increase in crime), people were begging, they were tearing down wooden fences to keep stoves heated for warmth. Also famine threatened many of the larger cities. The vast demand for factory production of war supplies and workers caused many more labor riots and strikes. In addition, because more factory workers were needed, peasants moved out of the country and into the cities, which soon became overpopulated, and living conditions rapidly grew worse. Furthermore, as more food was needed for the soldiers, the food supply behind the front grew scarce. Soldiers themselves, who were suffering from lack of equipment and protection from the elements, began to turn against the Tsar. This was mainly because as the war progressed, many of the officers who were loyal to the Tsar were killed and they were replaced with discontented conscripts from the major cities who were much less loyal to the Tsar. Russia’s first major battle was a disaster. In the 1914 Battle of Tannenberg, over 120, 000 Russian troops were killed, wounded or captured, while Germany suffered only 20,000 casualties. In 1915, things took a critical turn for the worse, when Germany shifted its focus of attack to the Eastern front. The superior German army destroyed the unequipped Russian forces. By the end of October 1916, Russia had lost between 1.6 and 1.8 million soldiers with an additional two million prisoners of war and one million missing. Soldiers went hungry and lacked shoes, ammunition and weapons. Rampant discontent lowered morale, only to be further undermined by a series of military defeats. The Tsar was blamed for all these crises and what little support he had left began to crumple. As this discontent grew, the State Duma issued a warning to Nicholas in November of 1916 stating that disaster would overtake the country unless a constitutional form of government was put in place. In typical fashion, Nicholas ignored them. The people were upset with the Tsar and his lack of care about his people. He was the reason they were suffering. The people were disgusted with his inept handing of the  country. Alexander Kerensky was a young and popular lawyer who gained a reputation for his work as a defense lawyer in a number of political trials of revolutionaries. Afterwards he gained a reputation for his work as a defence lawyer in a number of political trials of revolutionaries. He was elected to the Fourth Duma in 1912 as a member of the Trudoviks, a moderate labour party who were associated with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He was a brilliant orator and skilled parliamentary leader of the socialist opposition to the regime of the ruling Tsar, Nicholas II. When the February Revolution broke out in spring of 1917, Kerensky was one of its most prominent leaders: he was a member of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma and was elected vice-chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. He simultaneously became the first Minister of Justice in the newly formed Provisional Government. Kerensky became the Minister of War and the dominant figure in the newly formed government and in July of that same year he became Prime Minister. However, as Prime Minister he made two major errors. He ensured that Russia stayed in a war that was detested in the country itself. The overwhelming bulk of the population wanted Russia to withdraw from the war. There must have been few families, especially among the poor, who had not experienced personal tragedy between 1914 and 1917. His second mistake was not to offer the peasants land. Lenin did just this and immediately got the support he and the Bolsheviks needed at the expense of Kerensky. Kerensky also invited the Mensheviks to take part in the administration. To undermine the support of the Bolsheviks, Kerensky ordered that elections should take place for a constituent assembly. The elections were to be held in January 1918. Lenin had called for such elections earlier in 1917, so he could not object to this. As Kerensky argued, it was simply an extension of the democratic process denied to the people by the Romanovs. However, all the evidence indicated that the Bolsheviks would have done less well than other groups including the Mensheviks. On September 1st 1917, Kerensky declared Russia a republic. Vladimir Lenin was exiled in neutral Switzerland, when he heard of the revolution he made arrangements with the German government for permission to travel back to Russia. German officials agreed, evidently assuming that Lenin’s activities might weaken Russia, or if the Bolsheviks  came to power, lead to Russia withdrawing from the war with Germany. He arrived in Petrograd in April 1917. Lenin demanded that the Provisional Government give â€Å"All Powers to the Soviets† in addition to the speedy conclusion of the war without annexation, the renunciation of all secret diplomatic agreements, the control of factories by workers and the immediate seizure of land by peasants. He convinced his Bolshevik supporters that the seizure of power by the Soviets would be the signal for a European-wide socialist revolution. To prepare for the seizure of power, his Bolshevik supporters set out to win support from the masses in the soviets. Vladimir Lenin was the architect and first head of the USSR, led the October Revolution, which was effectively a coup detat. Lenin justified his violent seizure of power from the Provisional Government as merely a transfer of authority to the soviets, the popular councils elected by workers and soldiers that sprang up everywhere after the fall of the tsar. Lenin declared the formation of a Soviet government, withdrew Russia from World War I, and invited the peasants to take charge of the land that had formerly belonged to the nobles, state, and church. At the same time, Lenins government quickly moved to shut down opposition political parties and to censor the press, introduced conscription for the Red Army, and requisitioned grain from the peasants in order to fight the bloody Russian Civil War of 1918–1920. In January 1918, Lenin closed down the Constituent Assembly after the Bolsheviks won only 24 percent of the popular vote. In 1918, Lenin renamed the Bolshevik Party as the Communist Party. Although Lenin was ruthless, he was also pragmatic. When his efforts to transform the Russian economy to a socialist model stalled, he introduced the New Economic Policy, where a measure of private enterprise was again permitted, a policy that continued for several years after his death. In 1918, Lenin narrowly survived an assassination attempt, but was severely wounded. When Lenin was badly injured in a failed assassination attempt on August 30, 1918, his government quickly responded with the September 5, 1918, announcement of a policy of Red Terror that would take the form of arrests, imprisonments, and murders. Trotsky was a Marxist and for a long time worked as an independent  revolutionary in Russia. Before 1914 he had attempted to bring about great cooperation between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks but her failed. In 1917, after the March Revolution, he returned from exile in America. In July, he decided to join the Bolsheviks. Leon Trotsky was a Communist theorist, prolific writer, leader in the 1917 Russian Revolution, and the peoples commissar for foreign affairs under Lenin and then head of the Red Army as the peoples commissar of army and navy affairs. He was also elected as the President of Petrograd Soviet. Joseph Stalin was a Bolshevik leader who became prominent only after Lenin’s return to Petrograd in April 1917. Although Stalin was very much a secondary figure during the October Revolution, he did gain Lenin’s attention as a useful ally. Stalin had a very important, yet secretive job. He was to provide disguises and safe houses and to arrange safe passage out of Petrograd to Finland, with guides and bodyguards, for Lenin, had the revolution not worked out as planned. Following the October coup, Lenin gave him a position in the government as commissar of nationalities. As Stalin was a member of an ethnic minority as he was from the central Asian region of Georgia, not Russia. Lenin felt he would be an effective ambassador of sorts to the many ethnic minorities within the former Russian Empire. After the revolution, Stalin became increasingly powerful and eventually succeeded Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union upon Lenin’s death in 1924. Kerensky Provisional Government fell On October 25-26, 1917when Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik supporters overthrew it in the October Revolution (coup d etat). There are many reasons as to why the provisional government fell. The Provisional Government fell because they insisted to continue fighting in the First World War, although things were going so badly. Millions of soldiers were dead and injured, also the soldiers lacked proper equipment and weapons to fight effectively, and they also had little to no training in war tactics. Also the failure of the Brusilov offensive is an important factor. The Provisional Government also did not solve the economic problems that Russia was facing. There were stills strikes and riots. Shortages continued and the people saw now improvement. By this time there was subsequent unpopularity of Alexander Kerensky who the most prominent person off the Provisional Government (War Minister and Prime Minister). Also in October with the crisis building, the Bolsheviks saw the opportunity to seize important institutions in Petrograd  such as banks and railways. The Russian Civil War, which broke out in 1918 shortly after the revolution, brought death and suffering to millions of people regardless of their political orientation. The war was fought mainly between the Red Amy (Reds), consisting of radical communist and revolutionaries, and the Whites consisting of: the monarchist, conservatives, liberals and moderate socialist who opposed the drastic restructuring championed by the Bolsheviks. The Whites has backing from nations such as the UK, France, USA and Japan. Also during the Civil War, Nestor Makhno led a Ukrainian anarchist movement which generally cooperated with the Bolsheviks. However, a Bolshevik force under Mikkhail Frunze destroyed the Makhnovist movement, when the Makhnovists refused to merge into the Red Army. In addition the so-called â€Å"Green Army† (nationalist and anarchist played a secondary role in the war, mainly in Ukraine.